Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course, participants will be able to:

1. Fundamentals of Seismic Velocities

• Understand the concept of seismic velocities and their role in depth conversion.
• Differentiate between interval velocity, root mean square (RMS) velocity, and average velocity.
• Learn how seismic velocities vary with lithology, depth, and pressure.

2. Velocity Analysis and Calibration

• Conduct velocity analysis using semblance and stacking velocity picking.
• Utilize check-shot and vertical seismic profile (VSP) data for velocity calibration.
• Compare seismic velocities with well log velocities (sonic, density logs).

3. Time-to-Depth Conversion Techniques

• Apply single-layer and multi-layer depth conversion methods.
• Use average velocity models for quick depth conversion.
• Implement layer-by-layer and grid-based depth conversion techniques.
• Understand polynomial and geostatistical approaches to velocity modeling.

4. Seismic Migration and Depth Imaging

• Differentiate between time migration and depth migration.
• Use pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) and post-stack depth migration (PDM).
• Correct for velocity anisotropy (VTI and HTI) in depth imaging.

5. Building and Refining Velocity Models

• Construct velocity-depth models for complex geological structures.
• Integrate seismic velocities, well control, and geological constraints.
• Apply geostatistical interpolation techniques for velocity modeling.

6. Handling Uncertainties in Depth Conversion

• Identify sources of errors in velocity models and depth conversion.
• Quantify uncertainties using probabilistic and Monte Carlo approaches.
• Perform sensitivity analysis to improve depth conversion accuracy.

7. Depth Conversion in Structural and Stratigraphic Interpretation

• Apply depth conversion techniques for faulted and folded structures.
• Use depth conversion for carbonate reservoirs and deepwater settings.
• Optimize structural mapping and prospect evaluation using depth-converted data.

8. Case Studies and Practical Applications

• Analyze real-world seismic velocity models and depth conversion workflows.
• Participate in hands-on exercises using industry software (Petrel, Kingdom, Paradigm, or GeoDepth).
• Develop a depth conversion model for a selected dataset.

Target Audience

• Geophysicists and seismic interpreters
• Exploration and reservoir geologists
• Subsurface data analysts
• Well planners and drilling engineers
• Energy consultants in seismic processing