Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course, participants will be able to:

1. Fundamentals of Earth Resistivity and Grounding

• Understand the importance of earth resistivity in grounding systems.
• Learn how soil composition, moisture content, and temperature affect resistivity.
• Differentiate between ground resistance vs. ground resistivity.
• Understand applications of low-resistance grounding for electrical safety.

2. Earth Resistivity Measurement Methods

• Identify the different test methods for measuring soil resistivity:
• Wenner Four-Pin Method (ASTM G57 standard).
• Schlumberger Method for deeper soil analysis.
• Fall-of-Potential Method for ground resistance measurement.
• Clamp-on Ground Resistance Test for existing systems.
• Select the appropriate testing method based on site conditions.

3. Test Equipment and Instrumentation

• Learn how to operate earth resistance testers and megohmmeters.
• Use digital ground testers and clamp meters for non-intrusive testing.
• Follow calibration and verification procedures for accurate readings.

4. Performing Earth Resistivity Tests in the Field

• Follow a step-by-step guide for soil resistivity testing.
• Set up electrode spacing and depth based on project requirements.
• Identify common errors in testing and how to avoid them.
• Record and interpret soil resistivity values for grounding system design.

5. Grounding System Design Based on Soil Resistivity

• Use resistivity test results to design effective grounding electrodes.
• Determine the number and depth of ground rods needed for low resistance.
• Apply chemical grounding and soil treatment techniques for high-resistivity areas.

6. Interpretation of Test Results and Compliance Standards

• Analyze test data trends for different soil layers.
• Compare results with IEEE 80, NEC, IEC 60364, and NFPA 70 standards.
• Ensure compliance with utility and industrial grounding requirements.

7. Troubleshooting and Improving Grounding Performance

• Diagnose high-resistance grounding issues.
• Implement techniques to reduce ground resistance (e.g., grounding grids, conductive backfill).
• Perform periodic ground resistance testing for system maintenance.

8. Case Studies and Practical Applications

• Analyze real-world grounding system failures and solutions.
• Participate in hands-on exercises for soil resistivity measurement.
• Develop a grounding improvement plan based on test results.

Target Audience

• Electrical engineers and safety professionals
• Power plant and substation engineers
• Industrial and commercial facility managers
• Grounding system designers
• Utility and electrical maintenance personnel