Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course, participants will be able to:

1. Fundamentals of 4D Seismic (Time-Lapse Seismic) Technology

• Understand the principles and objectives of 4D seismic analysis.
• Differentiate between 3D and 4D seismic methods.
• Identify reservoir properties that can be monitored using 4D seismic.

2. 4D Seismic Acquisition and Repeatability

• Learn about seismic survey design for time-lapse monitoring.
• Optimize baseline and monitor survey acquisition parameters.
• Address challenges in seismic repeatability and time-lapse signal consistency.

3. 4D Seismic Processing and Calibration

• Implement 4D seismic data conditioning and cross-equalization techniques.
• Apply time-shift analysis and amplitude normalization to detect production-related changes.
• Integrate seismic processing with well log and production data for calibration.

4. Seismic Interpretation for Reservoir Monitoring

• Use 4D seismic to track fluid movement, pressure changes, and saturation variations.
• Identify gas, water, and oil saturation changes using seismic attributes.
• Interpret time-lapse seismic anomalies related to reservoir compaction and depletion.

5. 4D Seismic Applications in Reservoir Management

• Improve reservoir characterization using time-lapse seismic data.
• Enhance waterflood and gas injection monitoring through 4D analysis.
• Optimize well placement and field development planning using 4D seismic insights.

6. Integration of 4D Seismic with Reservoir Simulation

• Compare seismic-derived changes with reservoir simulation models.
• Use history matching techniques to refine reservoir models.
• Develop predictive models for enhanced production strategies.

7. Advances in 4D Seismic Technology

• Explore machine learning and AI applications in 4D seismic analysis.
• Utilize high-resolution seismic imaging for improved time-lapse monitoring.
• Examine ocean-bottom seismic (OBS) and fiber-optic sensing in 4D monitoring.

8. Case Studies and Practical Applications

• Analyze real-world examples of successful 4D seismic projects.
• Participate in hands-on seismic data interpretation using industry software (Petrel, Kingdom, OpendTect, or Paradigm).
• Develop a 4D seismic analysis workflow for a selected field.

Target Audience

• Geophysicists and seismic interpreters
• Reservoir engineers and geologists
• Subsurface data analysts
• Field development planners
• Energy consultants specializing in seismic monitoring