COURSE OVERVIEW:

4D Seismic Analysis, or time-lapse seismic, is the process of acquiring and comparing multiple 3D seismic surveys over the same area at different stages of field production. This course explores the methodologies used to isolate seismic changes caused by fluid movement, pressure fluctuations, and temperature variations from the static geological background. Participants will learn how 4D seismic serves as a powerful "remote sensing" tool for reservoir monitoring, identifying bypassed oil and optimizing sweep efficiency.

The scope of this training focuses on the technical rigor required for 4D repeatability, including survey matching and dedicated processing workflows to minimize non-repeatability noise. Attendees will study the physics of how gas caps expand, water front’s advance, and pressure deplete, and how these dynamic processes are expressed in seismic amplitude and travel-time differences. We will discuss the interpretive workflows necessary to differentiate between saturation and pressure effects, which is a critical challenge in 4D analysis.

Coverage includes the integration of 4D seismic data with reservoir simulation models (Sim-to-Seis workflows) to validate production history and improve future forecasts. By the end of the course, participants will be able to design 4D monitoring strategies and interpret time-lapse datasets to make informed decisions regarding infill drilling and reservoir management. This course is essential for geoscientists working on mature fields where maximizing recovery is the primary objective.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this course, the participants will be able to:

• Explain the physical principles and business value of 4D seismic monitoring.
• Evaluate field candidates for 4D seismic based on rock physics and fluid properties.
• Quantify seismic repeatability using NRMS and predictability metrics.
• Design 4D seismic acquisition parameters to ensure maximum data consistency.
• Apply dedicated 4D processing workflows, including cross-equalization and co-stacking.
• Interpret 4D difference volumes to track fluid saturation and pressure fronts.
• Distinguish between seismic changes caused by pressure versus those caused by fluids.
• Use seismic time-shifts to analyze reservoir compaction and overburden strain.
• Integrate 4D seismic observations with production data and well tests.
• Execute "Sim-to-Seis" workflows to compare simulation predictions with seismic reality.
• Identify bypassed pay and undrained compartments for infill well targeting.
• Assess the impact of 4D seismic on the updating of the dynamic reservoir model.
• Communicate 4D interpretation results to reservoir engineers and asset managers.

TARGET AUDIENCE:

Geophysicists, Reservoir Engineers, and Geologists involved in field monitoring, EOR projects, and brownfield development.

TRAINING COURSE METHODOLOGY:

A highly interactive combination of lectures, discussion sessions, and case studies will be employed to maximise the transfer of information, knowledge, and experience. The course will be intensive, practical, and highly interactive. The sessions will start by raising the most relevant questions and motivating everybody to find the right answers. The attendants will also be encouraged to raise more of their questions and to share in developing the right answers using their analysis and experience. There will also be some indoor experiential activities to enhance the learning experience. Course material will be provided in PowerPoint, with necessary animations, learning videos, and general discussions.

The course participants shall be evaluated before, during, and at the end of the course.

COURSE CERTIFICATE:

National Consultant Centre for Training LLC (NCC) will issue an Attendance Certificate to all participants completing a minimum of 80% of the total attendance time requirement.