COURSE OVERVIEW:

Differential protection is the primary high-speed protection method for critical power system assets, offering unsurpassed sensitivity and selectivity. This course provides an advanced exploration of Kirchhoff’s Current Law application in protecting transformers, generators, busbars, and motors. Participants will examine the transition from traditional high-impedance schemes to modern numerical biased differential algorithms, focusing on how these systems distinguish between internal faults and external "through-fault" conditions.

The scope of this training addresses the technical challenges of current transformer saturation and mismatch, which are the primary causes of nuisance tripping in differential schemes. It covers the physics of transformer inrush currents and the use of harmonic restraint to maintain stability during energization. The curriculum provides a detailed framework for calculating settings and slope characteristics, ensuring that the protection is robust enough to handle varying system conditions while remaining sensitive to low-level internal faults.

Coverage includes the practical implementation and rigorous testing of differential relays using advanced secondary injection tools. Attendees will learn to perform "End-to-End" testing for line differential schemes and verify the vector group compensation for power transformers. By combining deep theoretical analysis with field-ready testing procedures, the course ensures that protection engineers can design and maintain the most vital protective link in the electrical infrastructure.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this course, the participants will be able to:

• Explain the fundamental principles of the differential protection zone.
• Differentiate between high-impedance and low-impedance biased schemes.
• Analyze the impact of the current transformer saturation on differential stability.
• Calculate percentage bias settings and dual-slope characteristics.
• Implement harmonic restraint and blocking for transformer inrush.
• Design vector group and ratio compensation for power transformers.
• Configure Restricted Earth Fault protection for grounded windings.
• Execute professional secondary injection testing for differential relays.
• Verify the stability of the scheme during external through-faults.
• Conduct "End-to-End" testing of line differential protection via fiber optics.
• Troubleshoot causes of nuisance tripping in busbar protection systems.
• Interpret relay event logs and oscillography for fault analysis.

TARGET AUDIENCE:

This course is intended for Protection Engineers, Commissioning Specialists, and Substation Maintenance Personnel responsible for high-performance protection systems.

TRAINING COURSE METHODOLOGY:

A highly interactive combination of lectures, discussion sessions, and case studies will be employed to maximize the transfer of information, knowledge, and experience. The course will be intensive, practical, and highly interactive. The sessions will start by raising the most relevant questions and motivating everybody to find the right answers. The attendants will also be encouraged to raise more of their questions and to share in developing the right answers using their analysis and experience. There will also be some indoor experiential activities to enhance the learning experience. Course material will be provided in PowerPoint, with necessary animations, learning videos, and general discussions.

The course participants shall be evaluated before, during, and at the end of the course.

COURSE CERTIFICATE:

National Consultant Centre for Training LLC (NCC) will issue an Attendance Certificate to all participants completing a minimum of 80% of the total attendance time requirement.