COURSE OVERVIEW:

Water flooding is one of the most widely applied secondary recovery methods in the petroleum industry, used to maintain reservoir pressure and displace hydrocarbons toward producing wells. When properly designed and managed, water flooding can significantly increase ultimate oil recovery, enhance production rates, and extend field life. When poorly designed, however, it can lead to early water breakthroughs, high water cut, inefficient sweep, and uneconomic operations.

This course provides a comprehensive and practical understanding of water flooding as a reservoir management and enhanced oil recovery strategy. It covers the fundamental principles of displacement mechanisms, water flood pattern design, injectivity and pressure management, surveillance techniques, and performance evaluation. Participants will learn how to interpret reservoir data, select candidate reservoirs, design and optimise water flooding projects, and address operational challenges in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs.

Emphasis is placed on integrating geoscience, reservoir engineering, and production engineering perspectives to achieve effective sweeping efficiency and long-term performance. The course also discusses the role of water quality, injection systems, mobility control, pattern reconfiguration, and conformance improvement measures. Realistic examples and case studies are used to illustrate practical decision-making, common pitfalls, and best practices.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this course, the participants will be able to:

• Explain the basic principles of secondary recovery and the role of water flooding in field development.
• Describe the main displacement mechanisms involved in water flooding and their impact on oil recovery.
• Identify key reservoir characteristics that influence water flood feasibility and performance.
• Screen and select candidate reservoirs and fields for water flooding applications.
• Understand different water flood pattern configurations and select appropriate patterns for specific reservoirs.
• Calculate simple material balance and volumetric estimates for water flood design.
• Assess injectivity, pressure requirements, and constraints for water injection wells.
• Evaluate the impact of fluid properties, relative permeability, and mobility ratio on sweep efficiency.
• Understand water quality requirements and associated surface facilities for preparation and injection.
• Interpret surveillance data, such as injection and production rates, pressures, and water cut trends, to evaluate water flood performance.
• Apply techniques for pattern balancing, rate redistribution, and optimisation of water injection strategies.
• Recognise common water flooding problems such as early water breakthrough, channelling, and unwanted crossflow, and propose mitigation measures.
• Evaluate conformance improvement options, including mechanical and chemical methods, to improve sweep efficiency.
• Review field examples of water flooding projects, extract lessons learned and apply best practices to future developments.

TARGET AUDIENCE:

• Reservoir engineers are involved in field development planning and reservoir management.
• Petroleum and production engineers are responsible for injections and production operations.
• Field development and asset team members are working on secondary recovery projects.
• Geoscientists supporting reservoir characterisation for water flooding studies.
• Operations and facility engineers dealing with water handling, treatment, and injection systems.
• Technical authorities, supervisors, and managers oversee water flooding decisions and performance.

TRAINING COURSE METHODOLOGY:

A highly interactive combination of lectures, discussion sessions, and case studies will be employed to maximise the transfer of information, knowledge, and experience. The course will be intensive, practical, and highly interactive. The sessions will start by raising the most relevant questions and motivating everybody to find the right answers. The attendants will also be encouraged to raise more of their questions and to share in developing the right answers using their analysis and experience. There will also be some indoor experiential activities to enhance the learning experience. Course material will be provided in PowerPoint, with necessary animations, learning videos, and general discussions.

The course participants shall be evaluated before, during, and after the course.

COURSE CERTIFICATE:

National Consultant Centre for Training LLC (NCC) will issue an Attendance Certificate to all participants who complete at least 80% of the total attendance time requirement.